广州人口、资源与环境相互关系的定量研究

人口、资源、环境是城市和谐发展的三大基本支撑要素。通过计算广州适度人口、验证库兹尼茨曲线、计算生态足迹等，分析了广州人口、资源与环境三者之间的关系。通过分析可以看出，支撑广州城市可持续发展的三大基本要素——人口规模、资源承载力和环境容量基本都已接近峰值，城市发展面临着有史以来的最大压力，而且资源支撑经济社会发展的能力在弱化，但环境总体质量趋向于好转，库兹尼茨曲线正在向其倒U形的右半部分过渡。为实现城市的可持续发展，广州要处理好经济社会发展与人口、资源、环境的关系，更加关注自然资本。     

基于生态敏感性的土地资源承载力研究——以泉州市为例

随着社会经济的发展人地矛盾变得越发突出,已经成为制约城市经济进一步发展的桎梏.泉州市在社会经济快速发展的同时面临着土地资源严重紧缺的问题,亟需对其市域土地承载力进行研究,并用来指导城市的发展,从生态敏感性的视角,通过对泉州市域的生态用地和城建用地的划分,在以保护生态用地为前提的基础上,对其生态用地规模和城市用地规模进行测算,最后分别按照国际和国内两种指标来测算其土地资源承载力.     

‘Natural’ disaster? A retrospect into the causes of the late-2004 typhoon disaster in Eastern Luzon, Philippines

Between 14 November and 4 December 2004, four successive tropical depressions and typhoons lashed the Eastern coast of Luzon in the Philippines. Heavy rainfall triggered massive landslides and devastating flash floods, which brought tremendous damage and killed more than 1600 people. Immediately after the disaster, there was a media and political consensus to incrimate ‘extraordinary’ natural phenomena and widespread deforestation as responsible for the catastrophe. We argue that the tragedy that befell the municipalities of General Nakar, Infanta and Real, among other devastated areas, is enmeshed in a deeper tangle of causal factors that are political, socio-economic and demographic in nature. These factors include unmanaged population growth, difficult access to land and resources, corruption within the government, and power of the elite.     

Population Growth, Available Resources, and Quality of Life： China＇s Post-Reform Economic Development

Two opposing intellectual traditions and their contem- porary developments regarding the relations among population, available resources, and quality of life as reflected in economic growth are reviewe...     

基于网格划分的宜兴市区滨水区可达性评价

城市滨水区可达性不仅仅是空间距离的阻隔，还包括人们对滨水空间的需求及滨水区自身对公众的吸引力。依据潜能模型的概念，选取人口密度、滨水区综合质量和以土地利用表达的交通作为评价因子，借助ArcGIS93软件，建立了基于网格划分的滨水区可达性计算模型。该模型通过对研究区域进行等距网格划分以及定量计算网格内的人口密度、最小阻力成本和滨水区综合质量来进行滨水区可达性的定量评价。运用该模型评价了宜兴市中心城区居民至各滨水区的可达性水平，发现各滨水区平均可达性水平存在明显差异，最高的是团氿，最低的是蠡河；对每个滨水区而言，可达性从空间上均呈现出以滨水区为中心由内向外递减的趋势。评价结果可为城市滨水区合理建设格局的制定和居民享用滨水区的公平性提供决策参考     

烟台地区在业人口就业结构分析

根据人口普查资料，本文从行业和职业方面对烟台地区在业人口的就业结构现状及变动特点进行了系统分析，并在此基础上对农业剩余劳动力的转移问题作了深入探讨。     

Benzene Exposure Assessment at Indoor, Outdoor and Personal Levels. The French Contribution to the Life MACBETH Programme

Many VOC represent hazards to human health through chronic exposure. Recent European and world-wide legislation proposes limit values for ambient concentrations of these compounds. However, very little experimental data exists for true population exposure. In 1996, the European MACBETH initiative set out to measure population exposure to benzene in six European cities. This study details the French contribution to this program. Six campaigns were carried out, each comprising measurements at 100 outdoor sites and the participation of 50 non-smoking volunteers who wore personal samplers and had passive monitors installed in their homes. Iso-concentration maps were drawn for each campaign and the results showed that outdoor concentrations were significantly lower than indoors. Almost 75% of the volunteers were exposed to mean concentrations higher than the limit value of 5µgm³. It is demonstrated that personal exposure levels cannot be deduced simply by combining indoor and outdoor background concentrations. It is also shown that there is need for better knowledge of the contributions to overall exposure of outdoor microenvironments and the authors hope that future European directives will take this into account.     

山东省统筹城乡人口布局发展研究

探讨了建国后山东城乡人口布局的历史演变特征,分析了自然因子和人文因子对城乡人口空间布局的影响,对城乡人口年龄结构、经济结构和文化素质结构进行了比较分析。通过分析得出,建国以后山东城乡人口布局在城市化进程中不断优化,特别是改革开放以后,城乡人口布局演变加快,说明经济快速发展成为推动城乡人口布局变动的主要因素。     

木根麦冬的种群数量动态

运用静态生命表、生殖力表和Leslie矩阵模型，研究了木根麦冬种群数量动态过程，揭示了种群各龄级植株的动态规律，结果表明，木根麦冬种群为衰退型种群，种群的净增殖率、内禀增长率和周限增长率较低，种群世代周期偏长，种群不能自我更新，在20a内种群幼苗数量和总数量将持续快速下降，木根麦冬种群在16-20a年龄段受到了环境筛的强烈过滤作用。     

广东耕地资源的人口承载力研究

在总结广东省耕地资源特征的基础上,分析预测了2010年广东人口的发展趋势和消费水平,广东耕地资源的现实生产力、潜在生产力,以及2010年耕地的发展规模和粮食生产力。分析得出结论:2010年广东人口突破8300万人的可能性较大;届时人均消费水平将有较大的提高;广东粮食自给率为70%时,将会出现耕地承载力严重超载。本文最后提出了提高耕地资源的人口承载力的对策。